Wio Terminal的以太网连接

这个wiki介绍了如何在Wio Terminal上使用 ENC28J60 OVERLAYS HAT for Raspberry Pi 来实现稳定的网络连接。这是在Wio Terminal上使用树莓派40 Pi扩展板的完美示例。

所需硬件

Wio Terminal
ENC28J60 OVERLAYS HAT for Raspberry Pi
40 Pin Pi HAT Adapter board for Wio Terminal (尚未发布)

硬件连接

目前，如果您想测试软件，您可以使用导线连接。

将以太网电缆插入ENC28J60 Overlays Hat。

安装UIPEthernet Arduino库

访问 UIPEthernet 存储库，并将整个存储库下载到本地驱动器。
现在，可以将库安装到Arduino IDE。打开Arduino IDE，点击 sketch -> Include Library -> Add .ZIP Library, 选择刚刚下载的 UIPEthernet UIPEthernet文件。

InstallLibrary

简单的DHCP示例

这个示例使用DHCP自动从网络主机获取网络配置。

示例代码

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

uint8_t mac[6] = {0x74,0x69,0x69,0x2D,0x30,0x31};

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial);
  Serial.println(F("[testDHCP]"));
  
  Serial.print("MAC: ");
  for (byte i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
    Serial.print(mac[i], HEX);
    if (i < 5)
      Serial.print(':');
  }
  Serial.println();
  
  if (Ethernet.begin(mac) != 1) {
     Serial.println("Failed to configure Ethernet using DHCP");
     while (true) {
        delay(1); // do nothing, no point running without Ethernet hardware
     }
  }
  
  Serial.print("My IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
  Serial.print("Netmask: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.subnetMask());
  Serial.print("Gateway IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.gatewayIP());
  Serial.print("DNS: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.dnsServerIP());
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

通过静态IP连接网络

除了使用DHCP外，您还可以使用静态IP手动连接到网络主机以满足不同的需求。在这个例子中，您可以通过设置静态IP、子网掩码、网关和DNS来手动配置如何连接到网络。

示例代码

:::注当您需要将设备连接到特定的网关和DNS（例如，旁路模式路由器/网关）时，这将非常有用。 :::

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

// Static Set-up, change the following according to your network
uint8_t mac[6] = {0x74,0x69,0x69,0x2D,0x30,0x31};
IPAddress myIP = {10,0,0,111};
IPAddress myMask = {255,255,255,0};
IPAddress myGatewayIP = {10,0,0,127};
IPAddress myDNS = {10,0,0,127};

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial);
  Serial.println(F("[getStaticIP]"));
  
  Serial.print("MAC: ");
  for (byte i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
    Serial.print(mac[i], HEX);
    if (i < 5)
      Serial.print(':');
  }
  Serial.println();
  
  Ethernet.begin(mac,myIP, myDNS, myGatewayIP, myMask);

  Serial.print("My IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
  Serial.print("Netmask: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.subnetMask());
  Serial.print("Gateway IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.gatewayIP());
  Serial.print("DNS: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.dnsServerIP());  
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

简单的Web客户端

一旦我们通过以太网建立了网络连接，我们就可以将其用于TCP客户端。例如，从互联网获取数据（HTTP）或从同一网络中的服务器获取数据。

在此示例中，它首先使用DHCP进行设置，如果失败，则使用静态IP进行分配。此示例连接到 www.bing.com 并将数据打印到串行监视器。

示例代码

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

// Enter a MAC address for your controller below.
byte mac[] = { 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };

char server[] = "www.bing.com";

// Set the static IP address to use if the DHCP fails to assign
IPAddress myIP(10, 0, 0, 187);
IPAddress myMask = {255,255,255,0};
IPAddress myGatewayIP = {10,0,0,127};
IPAddress dnsIP(10, 0, 0, 127);

// Initialize the Ethernet client library
// with the IP address and port of the server
// that you want to connect to (port 80 is default for HTTP):
EthernetClient client;

// Variables to measure the speed
unsigned long beginMicros, endMicros;
unsigned long byteCount = 0;
bool printWebData = true;  // set to false for better speed measurement

void setup() {
  // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
  }

  // start the Ethernet connection:
  Serial.println("Initialize Ethernet with DHCP:");
  if (Ethernet.begin(mac) == 0) {
    Serial.println("Failed to configure Ethernet using DHCP");
    // Check for Ethernet hardware present
    if (Ethernet.hardwareStatus() == EthernetNoHardware) {
      Serial.println("Ethernet shield was not found.  Sorry, can't run without hardware. :(");
      while (true) {
        delay(1); // do nothing, no point running without Ethernet hardware
      }
    }
    if (Ethernet.linkStatus() == LinkOFF) {
      Serial.println("Ethernet cable is not connected.");
    }
    // try to congifure using IP address instead of DHCP:
    Ethernet.begin(mac,myIP, dnsIP, myGatewayIP, myMask);
  } else {
    Serial.print("  DHCP assigned IP ");
    Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
  }
  // give the Ethernet shield a second to initialize:
  delay(1000);
  Serial.print("connecting to ");
  Serial.print(server);
  Serial.println("...");

  // if you get a connection, report back via serial:
  if (client.connect(server, 80)) {
    Serial.print("connected to ");
    Serial.println(client.remoteIP());
    // Make a HTTP request:
    client.println("GET /search?q=WioTerminal HTTP/1.1");
    client.println("Host: www.bing.com");
    client.println("Connection: close");
    client.println();
  } else {
    // if you didn't get a connection to the server:
    Serial.println("connection failed");
  }
  beginMicros = micros();
}

void loop() {
  // if there are incoming bytes available
  // from the server, read them and print them:
  int len = client.available();
  if (len > 0) {
    byte buffer[80];
    if (len > 80) len = 80;
    client.read(buffer, len);
    if (printWebData) {
      Serial.write(buffer, len); // show in the serial monitor (slows some boards)
    }
    byteCount = byteCount + len;
  }

  // if the server's disconnected, stop the client:
  if (!client.connected()) {
    endMicros = micros();
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("disconnecting.");
    client.stop();
    Serial.print("Received ");
    Serial.print(byteCount);
    Serial.print(" bytes in ");
    float seconds = (float)(endMicros - beginMicros) / 1000000.0;
    Serial.print(seconds, 4);
    float rate = (float)byteCount / seconds / 1000.0;
    Serial.print(", rate = ");
    Serial.print(rate);
    Serial.print(" kbytes/second");
    Serial.println();

    // do nothing forevermore:
    while (true) {
      delay(1);
    }
  }
}

Web服务器示例

另一方面，我们还可以将其设置为Web服务器，并允许同一网络中的其他设备连接到它（例如，读取Wio Terminal上观察到的传感器值）。由于以太网的稳定性要比Wi-Fi好得多，这在某些情况下非常有用。

示例代码

此示例将自身配置为Web服务器，并设置一个简单的网页，打印出从 A0 到 A5 的值读数。您可以通过在同一网络中连接的计算机上的IP地址访问它。

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

// Enter a MAC address and IP address for your controller below.
// The IP address will be dependent on your local network:
byte mac[] = {
  0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED
};
IPAddress ip(10, 0, 0, 123);

// Initialize the Ethernet server library
// with the IP address and port you want to use
// (port 80 is default for HTTP):
EthernetServer server(80);

void setup() {
  // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
  }
  Serial.println("Ethernet WebServer Example");

  // start the Ethernet connection and the server:
  Ethernet.begin(mac, ip);

  // Check for Ethernet hardware present
  if (Ethernet.hardwareStatus() == EthernetNoHardware) {
    Serial.println("Ethernet shield was not found.  Sorry, can't run without hardware. :(");
    while (true) {
      delay(1); // do nothing, no point running without Ethernet hardware
    }
  }
  if (Ethernet.linkStatus() == LinkOFF) {
    Serial.println("Ethernet cable is not connected.");
  }

  // start the server
  server.begin();
  Serial.print("server is at ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
}

void loop() {
  // listen for incoming clients
  EthernetClient client = server.available();
  if (client) {
    Serial.println("new client");
    // an http request ends with a blank line
    bool currentLineIsBlank = true;
    while (client.connected()) {
      if (client.available()) {
        char c = client.read();
        Serial.write(c);
        // if you've gotten to the end of the line (received a newline
        // character) and the line is blank, the http request has ended,
        // so you can send a reply
        if (c == '\n' && currentLineIsBlank) {
          // send a standard http response header
          client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
          client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
          client.println("Connection: close");  // the connection will be closed after completion of the response
          client.println("Refresh: 5");  // refresh the page automatically every 5 sec
          client.println();
          client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
          client.println("<html>");
          // output the value of each analog input pin
          for (int analogChannel = 0; analogChannel < 6; analogChannel++) {
            int sensorReading = analogRead(analogChannel);
            client.print("analog input ");
            client.print(analogChannel);
            client.print(" is ");
            client.print(sensorReading);
            client.println("<br />");
          }
          client.println("</html>");
          break;
        }
        if (c == '\n') {
          // you're starting a new line
          currentLineIsBlank = true;
        } else if (c != '\r') {
          // you've gotten a character on the current line
          currentLineIsBlank = false;
        }
      }
    }
    // give the web browser time to receive the data
    delay(1);
    // close the connection:
    client.stop();
    Serial.println("client disconnected");
  }
}

Web服务器测试

这还提供了一个使用该设置的简单测试示例。

这是在10小时内对Web服务器进行ping测试的屏幕截图。

在相同的网络下，使用您的计算机对服务器的IP进行ping测试：

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

// Static IP Set-up
uint8_t mac[6] = {0x74,0x69,0x69,0x2D,0x30,0x31};
IPAddress myIP = {10,0,0,111};
EthernetServer server = EthernetServer(80);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial);
  Ethernet.begin(mac, myIP);
  server.begin();

  Serial.print("My IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
  Serial.print("Netmask: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.subnetMask());
  Serial.print("Gateway IP: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.gatewayIP());
  Serial.print("DNS: ");
  Serial.println(Ethernet.dnsServerIP());
}

void loop() {
  // get client
  EthernetClient client = server.available();
  if(client && client.connected()) {
        // do stuff (snipped but basically parses HTTP and responds with no other processing)
        client.stop();
  }
}

使用UDP进行NTP时间同步

在某些情况下, UDP 被用于网络通信。 NTP 就是一个很好的例子。下面的示例代码简单地从 time.nist.gov 服务器获取时间并打印到串行监视器上。

示例代码

#include <UIPEthernet.h>

// Enter a MAC address for your controller below.
// Newer Ethernet shields have a MAC address printed on a sticker on the shield
byte mac[] = {
  0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED
};

unsigned int localPort = 8888;       // local port to listen for UDP packets

const char timeServer[] = "time.nist.gov"; // time.nist.gov NTP server

const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48; // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the message

byte packetBuffer[NTP_PACKET_SIZE]; //buffer to hold incoming and outgoing packets

// A UDP instance to let us send and receive packets over UDP
EthernetUDP Udp;

void setup() {
  // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
  }

  // start Ethernet and UDP
  if (Ethernet.begin(mac) == 0) {
    Serial.println("Failed to configure Ethernet using DHCP");
    // Check for Ethernet hardware present
    if (Ethernet.hardwareStatus() == EthernetNoHardware) {
      Serial.println("Ethernet shield was not found.  Sorry, can't run without hardware. :(");
    } else if (Ethernet.linkStatus() == LinkOFF) {
      Serial.println("Ethernet cable is not connected.");
    }
    // no point in carrying on, so do nothing forevermore:
    while (true) {
      delay(1);
    }
  }
  Udp.begin(localPort);
}

void loop() {
  sendNTPpacket(timeServer); // send an NTP packet to a time server

  // wait to see if a reply is available
  delay(1000);
  if (Udp.parsePacket()) {
    // We've received a packet, read the data from it
    Udp.read(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // read the packet into the buffer

    // the timestamp starts at byte 40 of the received packet and is four bytes,
    // or two words, long. First, extract the two words:

    unsigned long highWord = word(packetBuffer[40], packetBuffer[41]);
    unsigned long lowWord = word(packetBuffer[42], packetBuffer[43]);
    // combine the four bytes (two words) into a long integer
    // this is NTP time (seconds since Jan 1 1900):
    unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord;
    Serial.print("Seconds since Jan 1 1900 = ");
    Serial.println(secsSince1900);

    // now convert NTP time into everyday time:
    Serial.print("Unix time = ");
    // Unix time starts on Jan 1 1970. In seconds, that's 2208988800:
    const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL;
    // subtract seventy years:
    unsigned long epoch = secsSince1900 - seventyYears;
    // print Unix time:
    Serial.println(epoch);

    // print the hour, minute and second:
    Serial.print("The UTC time is ");       // UTC is the time at Greenwich Meridian (GMT)
    Serial.print((epoch  % 86400L) / 3600); // print the hour (86400 equals secs per day)
    Serial.print(':');
    if (((epoch % 3600) / 60) < 10) {
      // In the first 10 minutes of each hour, we'll want a leading '0'
      Serial.print('0');
    }
    Serial.print((epoch  % 3600) / 60); // print the minute (3600 equals secs per minute)
    Serial.print(':');
    if ((epoch % 60) < 10) {
      // In the first 10 seconds of each minute, we'll want a leading '0'
      Serial.print('0');
    }
    Serial.println(epoch % 60); // print the second
  }
  // wait ten seconds before asking for the time again
  delay(10000);
  Ethernet.maintain();
}

// send an NTP request to the time server at the given address
void sendNTPpacket(const char * address) {
  // set all bytes in the buffer to 0
  memset(packetBuffer, 0, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
  // Initialize values needed to form NTP request
  // (see URL above for details on the packets)
  packetBuffer[0] = 0b11100011;   // LI, Version, Mode
  packetBuffer[1] = 0;     // Stratum, or type of clock
  packetBuffer[2] = 6;     // Polling Interval
  packetBuffer[3] = 0xEC;  // Peer Clock Precision
  // 8 bytes of zero for Root Delay & Root Dispersion
  packetBuffer[12]  = 49;
  packetBuffer[13]  = 0x4E;
  packetBuffer[14]  = 49;
  packetBuffer[15]  = 52;

  // all NTP fields have been given values, now
  // you can send a packet requesting a timestamp:
  Udp.beginPacket(address, 123); // NTP requests are to port 123
  Udp.write(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
  Udp.endPacket();
}

发送 Twitter 示例

这是一个有趣的示例，使用Wio Terminal发送推文。它使用了 Tweet Library for Arduino 来绕过直接连接HTTPs的限制。

安装Arduino的Tweet Library

访问 Arduno-Twitter-library 仓库，并将整个仓库下载到本地驱动器上。
现在，可以将库安装到Arduino IDE中。打开Arduino IDE，点击sketch -> Include Library -> Add .ZIP Library, 选择刚刚下载的Arduno-Twitter-library 文件。

:::注这是连接到Twitter的一种解决方案，可能不安全，请自行承担风险。 :::

获取令牌

点击这里获取一个使用OAuth进行消息发布的令牌。

请访问 http://arduino-tweet.appspot.com/ 获取更多参考信息

示例代码

复制上述获取的令牌，并粘贴到Arduino代码中。

/*
 *  Check http://arduino-tweet.appspot.com/ for more reference
 */
 
#include <UIPEthernet.h>
#include <Twitter.h>

uint8_t mac[6] = {0x74,0x69,0x69,0x2D,0x30,0x31};

// Your Token to Tweet (get it from http://arduino-tweet.appspot.com/)
Twitter twitter("YOUR-TOKEN-HERE");

// Message to post
char msg[] = "Hello, World! I'm Arduino!";

void setup()
{
  delay(1000);
  Ethernet.begin(mac);
  // or you can use DHCP for autoomatic IP address configuration.
  // Ethernet.begin(mac);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial);
  
  Serial.println("connecting ...");
  if (twitter.post(msg)) {
    // Specify &Serial to output received response to Serial.
    // If no output is required, you can just omit the argument, e.g.
    // int status = twitter.wait();
    int status = twitter.wait(&Serial);
    if (status == 200) {
      Serial.println("OK.");
    } else {
      Serial.print("failed : code ");
      Serial.println(status);
    }
  } else {
    Serial.println("connection failed.");
  }
}

void loop()
{
}

Wio Terminal的以太网连接

所需硬件​

硬件连接​

安装UIPEthernet Arduino库​

简单的DHCP示例​

示例代码​

通过静态IP连接网络​

示例代码​

简单的Web客户端​

示例代码​

Web服务器示例​

示例代码​

Web服务器测试​

使用UDP进行NTP时间同步​

示例代码​

发送 Twitter 示例​

安装Arduino的Tweet Library​

获取令牌​

示例代码​

所需硬件

硬件连接

安装UIPEthernet Arduino库

简单的DHCP示例

示例代码

通过静态IP连接网络

示例代码

简单的Web客户端

示例代码

Web服务器示例

示例代码

Web服务器测试

使用UDP进行NTP时间同步

示例代码

发送 Twitter 示例

安装Arduino的Tweet Library

获取令牌

示例代码