RobStride 控制库 - 完整技术文档
高性能 RobStride 电机控制基线,提供 Python、C++、Rust 和 Arduino 实现
📋 目录
🎯 项目概述
RobStride 控制库是专为 RobStride 系列电机设计的高性能电机控制库。该项目提供完整的电机控制解决方案,支持多种编程语言和硬件平台,适用于机器人技术、自动化控制、精密定位等各种应用场景。
核心特性
- ✅ 多语言支持:提供 Python、C++、Rust 和 Arduino 实现
- ✅ 多种控制模式:MIT 模式、位置模式、速度模式
- ✅ 实时性能:50-200Hz 控制频率,低延迟
- ✅ 工业级稳定性:支持连续长期运行
- ✅ 跨平台兼容:Linux 系统、ESP32 及其他嵌入式平台
- ✅ 标准化接口:统一的 API 设计,便于语言切换
技术优势
- 高性能:直接 SocketCAN 通信,无中间件开销
- 内存安全:Rust 实现提供内存安全保证
- 实时控制:C++ 实现达到 200Hz 控制频率
- 易于使用:Python 实现提供友好的交互界面
- 嵌入式友好:Arduino 实现适用于资源受限环境
支持的电机型号
| 型号 | 最大扭矩 | 最大速度 | KP 范围 | KD 范围 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS-00 | 17 Nm | 50 rad/s | 500.0 | 5.0 |
| RS-01 | 17 Nm | 44 rad/s | 500.0 | 5.0 |
| RS-02 | 17 Nm | 44 rad/s | 500.0 | 5.0 |
| RS-03 | 60 Nm | 50 rad/s | 5000.0 | 100.0 |
| RS-04 | 120 Nm | 15 rad/s | 5000.0 | 100.0 |
| RS-05 | 17 Nm | 33 rad/s | 500.0 | 5.0 |
| RS-06 | 60 Nm | 20 rad/s | 5000.0 | 100.0 |
技术架构
系统架构图
graph TB
A[Application Layer] --> B[Control Library]
B --> C[CAN Protocol Layer]
C --> D[Hardware Interface Layer]
D --> E[CAN Hardware]
B --> F[Python Implementation]
B --> G[C++ Implementation]
B --> H[Rust Implementation]
B --> I[Arduino Implementation]
C --> J[MIT Mode]
C --> K[Position Mode]
C --> L[Speed Mode]
通信协议
- 物理层:CAN 2.0B 标准
- 数据链路层:扩展帧格式(29 位 ID)
- 应用层:自定义 RobStride 协议
- 传输速率:1 Mbps
控制模式详情
1. MIT 模式(模式 0)
- 特点:直接扭矩控制,响应速度快
- 使用场景:需要快速响应的应用
- 控制参数:P、D、T、位置、速度
2. 位置模式(模式 1)
- 特点:位置闭环控制,精确定位
- 使用场景:精密定位、机器人关节控制
- 控制参数:位置、速度、最大扭矩
3. 速度模式(模式 2)
- 特点:速度闭环控制,稳定调速
- 使用场景:需要恒定速度的应用
- 控制参数:速度、最大扭矩
快速开始
环境设置
# Ubuntu/Debian system dependencies
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y \
build-essential cmake \
python3 python3-pip \
rustc cargo \
can-utils \
gcc-avr avr-libc arduino-core
# CAN interface setup
sudo modprobe can
sudo ip link set can0 type can bitrate 1000000
sudo ip link set up can0
克隆项目
git clone https://github.com/Seeed-Projects/RobStride_Control.git
cd RobStride_Control
选择您的语言实现
| 语言 | 控制频率 | 内存使用 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 50-100Hz | ~50MB | 快速原型开发、算法验证 |
| C++ | 200Hz | ~10MB | 高性能应用、实时控制 |
| Rust | 150Hz | ~8MB | 安全关键、内存安全要求 |
| Arduino | 100Hz | ~2KB | 嵌入式、资源受限环境 |
Python 实现
安装依赖
cd python
pip install -r requirements.txt
基本用法
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus
# Initialize CAN bus
bus = RobstrideBus('can0')
# Scan for motors
motors = bus.scan_channel()
print(f"Found motors: {motors}")
# MIT mode position control
motor_id = 1
target_position = 0.0
while True:
# Send control command
bus.write_operation_frame(
motor_id=motor_id,
p_des=target_position,
v_des=0.0,
kp=30.0,
kd=0.5,
t_ff=0.0
)
# Read status
response = bus.read_frame(motor_id)
print(f"Position: {response['position']:.3f} rad")
time.sleep(0.01) # 100Hz control frequency
交互界面
# Run MIT position control (with interactive interface)
python3 src/position_control.py 1
# Run speed control
python3 src/velocity_control.py 1
交互命令
# Interactive commands in MIT mode
kp 30.0 # Set position gain
kd 0.5 # Set velocity gain
pos 1.0 # Set target position
vel 2.0 # Set target velocity
tor 5.0 # Set feed-forward torque
quit # Exit program
高级功能
# Multi-motor synchronous control
motors = [1, 2, 3, 4]
bus.enable_motors(motors)
# Synchronous parameter setting
for motor_id in motors:
bus.set_motor_param(motor_id, kp=50.0, kd=1.0)
# Synchronous control
while True:
for i, motor_id in enumerate(motors):
position = math.sin(time.time() + i * math.pi/2)
bus.write_operation_frame(motor_id, position, 0, 50.0, 1.0, 0)
C++ 实现
构建
cd cpp
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make
基本用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <atomic>
class RobStrideMotor {
private:
int can_socket;
int motor_id;
std::atomic<bool> running;
public:
RobStrideMotor(int id) : motor_id(id), running(false) {
can_socket = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW);
// ... initialization code
}
void start() {
running = true;
std::thread control_thread(&RobStrideMotor::control_loop, this);
control_thread.detach();
}
void set_position(double position, double kp, double kd) {
uint8_t data[8];
// ... pack data
struct can_frame frame;
frame.can_id = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.can_dlc = 8;
memcpy(frame.data, data, 8);
write(can_socket, &frame, sizeof(frame));
}
};
性能优化
// High-performance configuration
static constexpr int CONTROL_FREQ = 200; // 200Hz
static constexpr auto CONTROL_PERIOD =
std::chrono::microseconds(1000000 / CONTROL_FREQ);
// Real-time control loop
void control_loop() {
auto next_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
while (running) {
// Control logic
send_command();
// Precise timing control
next_time += CONTROL_PERIOD;
std::this_thread::sleep_until(next_time);
}
}
运行
# Requires administrator privileges
sudo ./build/robstride-mit-position 1
Rust 实现
构建
cd rust
cargo build --release
基本用法
use socketcan::{CanSocket, CanFrame, EmbeddedFrame};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
struct RobStrideController {
socket: Arc<Mutex<CanSocket>>,
motor_id: u8,
}
impl RobStrideController {
fn new(interface: &str, motor_id: u8) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let socket = CanSocket::open(interface)?;
Ok(Self {
socket: Arc::new(Mutex::new(socket)),
motor_id,
})
}
fn send_position_command(
&self,
position: f32,
velocity: f32,
kp: f32,
kd: f32,
torque: f32,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let data: [u8; 8] = [
(position * 1000.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 256.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 65536.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 16777216.0) as u8,
(velocity * 1000.0) as u8,
(kp * 5.0) as u8,
(kd * 500.0) as u8,
(torque * 10.0) as u8,
];
let frame = CanFrame::new(
socketcan::CanId::new(0x200 + self.motor_id as u32).unwrap(),
&data,
)?;
let socket = self.socket.lock().unwrap();
socket.write_frame(&frame)?;
Ok(())
}
}
内存安全特性
// Multi-thread safe shared CAN interface
let controller = Arc::new(RobStrideController::new("can0", motor_id)?);
// Control thread
let ctrl_clone = Arc::clone(&controller);
thread::spawn(move || {
loop {
ctrl_clone.send_command()?;
thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
}
});
// Monitoring thread
let monitor_clone = Arc::clone(&controller);
thread::spawn(move || {
loop {
let status = monitor_clone.read_status()?;
println!("Motor status: {:?}", status);
thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
}
});
运行
cargo run --release -- 1
Arduino 实现
硬件配置
ESP32 CAN Transceiver RobStride Motor
GPIO5 <---> TX CAN H
GPIO4 <---> RX CAN L
5V <---> VCC Power Supply
GND <---> GND Ground
基础代码
#include <ESP32-TWAI-CAN.h>
class RobStrideMotor {
private:
TWAI_CAN can;
uint8_t motor_id;
public:
RobStrideMotor(uint8_t id) : motor_id(id) {}
bool begin() {
can.begin(TWAI_SPEED_1000KBPS, 4, 5); // GPIO4=RX, GPIO5=TX
return true;
}
void send_position_command(float position, float velocity, float kp, float kd, float torque) {
can_frame_t frame;
frame.identifier = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.extd = true;
frame.data_length_code = 8;
// Pack data
int32_t pos_int = (int32_t)(position * 1000.0);
frame.data[0] = pos_int & 0xFF;
frame.data[1] = (pos_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
frame.data[2] = (pos_int >> 16) & 0xFF;
frame.data[3] = (pos_int >> 24) & 0xFF;
frame.data[4] = (uint8_t)(velocity * 1000.0);
frame.data[5] = (uint8_t)(kp * 5.0);
frame.data[6] = (uint8_t)(kd * 500.0);
frame.data[7] = (uint8_t)(torque * 10.0);
can.writeFrame(&frame);
}
void enable_motor() {
can_frame_t frame;
frame.identifier = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.extd = true;
frame.data_length_code = 8;
memset(frame.data, 0xFF, 8); // Enable command
can.writeFrame(&frame);
}
};
Arduino 控制示例
RobStrideMotor motor(1);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
motor.begin();
// Enable motor
motor.enable_motor();
delay(100);
Serial.println("Motor enabled, starting control loop...");
}
void loop() {
static float phase = 0.0;
float target_pos = sin(phase) * 3.14159; // ±π radians
motor.send_position_command(target_pos, 0, 30.0, 0.5, 0);
phase += 0.01;
delay(10); // 100Hz control frequency
if (phase > 2 * 3.14159) {
phase = 0;
}
}
协议详情
CAN 帧格式
| 字段 | 大小 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| ID | 29 位 | 扩展帧标识符 |
| DLC | 4 位 | 数据长度(固定为 8) |
| Data | 8 字节 | 控制数据 |
| CRC | 16 位 | 循环冗余校验 |
ID 分配规则
- 0x200 + ID:MIT 模式控制命令
- 0x300 + ID:位置模式控制命令
- 0x400 + ID:速度模式控制命令
- 0x500 + ID:系统状态查询
- 0x600 + ID:系统配置命令
数据包格式
MIT 模式控制命令(8 字节)
struct mit_command_t {
int32_t p_des; // Target position (rad)
int16_t v_des; // Target velocity (rad/s)
uint16_t kp; // Position gain
uint16_t kd; // Velocity gain
int16_t t_ff; // Feed-forward torque (Nm)
};
电机状态反馈(8 字节)
struct motor_status_t {
int32_t position; // Current position (rad)
int16_t velocity; // Current velocity (rad/s)
int16_t torque; // Current torque (Nm)
uint8_t mode; // Current mode
uint8_t error; // Error code
};
通信时序
sequenceDiagram
participant Host
participant Motor
Host->>Motor: Enable Command (0x200+ID)
Motor-->>Host: Enable Ack
loop Control Loop
Host->>Motor: Position Command (100Hz)
Motor-->>Host: Status Feedback
end
Host->>Motor: Disable Command
Motor-->>Host: Disable Ack
性能优化
系统调优
1. Linux 内核参数优化
# Real-time priority setting
echo 'KERNEL=="can0", MODE="0666"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/99-can.rules
# CPU affinity binding
sudo taskset -cp 0-3 $(pgrep robstride-control)
# Memory locking (optional)
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=1
2. 实时调度
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
struct sched_param param;
param.sched_priority = 99;
sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, ¶m);
mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE);
性能基准
| 语言 | 控制频率 | CPU 使用率 | 延迟 | 内存使用 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 50-100Hz | 15-20% | 2-5ms | ~50MB |
| C++ | 200Hz | 5-8% | 0.5-1ms | ~10MB |
| Rust | 150Hz | 8-12% | 1-2ms | ~8MB |
| Arduino | 100Hz | 40-60% | 1-3ms | ~2KB |
优化技巧
Python 优化
# Use C extensions for acceleration
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus
# Pre-allocate arrays
import numpy as np
position_buffer = np.zeros(1000)
# Async I/O
import asyncio
async def control_loop():
while True:
await send_command()
await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
C++ 优化
// Zero-copy optimization
static_assert(sizeof(motor_command_t) == 8, "Command size mismatch");
// Memory pool
class MemoryPool {
std::array<motor_command_t, 100> pool;
std::mutex mutex;
public:
motor_command_t* acquire() { /* ... */ }
void release(motor_command_t* ptr) { /* ... */ }
};
Rust 优化
// Pre-allocate capacity
let mut frames: Vec<CanFrame> = Vec::with_capacity(1000);
// Avoid heap allocation
#[repr(C, packed)]
struct MotorCommand {
p_des: i32,
v_des: i16,
kp: u16,
kd: u16,
t_ff: i16,
}
故障排除
常见问题
1. CAN 通信失败
# Check CAN interface status
ip -details link show can0
# Monitor CAN traffic
candump can0
# Reset CAN interface
sudo ip link set can0 down
sudo ip link set can0 up type can bitrate 1000000
2. 电机无响应
# Scan devices on bus
python3 -c "
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus
bus = RobstrideBus('can0')
motors = bus.scan_channel()
print(f'Found motors: {motors}')
"
3. 性能问题
# Check CPU usage
top -p $(pgrep robstride-control)
# Check real-time
sudo chrt -f 99 $(pgrep robstride-control)
错误代码
| 代码 | 描述 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 0x01 | 通信超时 | 检查 CAN 连接 |
| 0x02 | 参数超出范围 | 检查控制参数范围 |
| 0x03 | 电机过流 | 检查负载和扭矩限制 |
| 0x04 | 位置溢出 | 检查限制和目标位置 |
| 0x05 | 温度过高 | 检查冷却和负载 |
调试工具
# Real-time CAN bus monitoring
candump -t A can0
# Send test frame
cansend can0 211#FFFFFFFF
# Network topology detection
canbusload can0@1000000
# Error statistics
cangen can0 -I 211 -D r
开发指南
项目结构
RobStride_Control/
├── cpp/ # C++ implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── include/ # Header files
│ ├── tests/ # Test code
│ └── examples/ # Example code
├── python/ # Python implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── examples/ # Example code
│ └── tests/ # Test code
├── rust/ # Rust implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── examples/ # Example code
│ └── tests/ # Test code
├── arduino/ # Arduino implementation
│ └── mi_motor_control/# ESP32 library
├── docs/ # Documentation
├── scripts/ # Utility scripts
└── tools/ # Helper tools
贡献指南
-
代码风格
- Python:遵循 PEP 8
- C++:遵循 Google C++ 风格指南
- Rust:使用 rustfmt
- Arduino:遵循 Arduino 风格指南
-
提交约定
feat: Add new feature
fix: Bug fix
docs: Update documentation
style: Code formatting changes
refactor: Code refactoring
test: Add tests
chore: Build process or auxiliary tool changes -
测试要求
# Run all tests
python3 -m pytest python/tests/
cd cpp && make test
cd rust && cargo test
构建脚本
#!/bin/bash
# scripts/build-all.sh
echo "Building all implementations..."
# Python
cd python
python3 setup.py build
cd ..
# C++
cd cpp
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j$(nproc)
cd ../..
# Rust
cd rust
cargo build --release
cd ..
# Arduino (requires Arduino IDE)
echo "Arduino build requires Arduino IDE"
echo "Open arduino/mi_motor_control/mi_motor_control.ino"
echo "Build completed!"
部署指南
Ubuntu/Debian
# Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential can-utils
# Build C++ version (fastest)
cd cpp/build
sudo make install
# Create system service
sudo cp scripts/robstride.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl enable robstride
sudo systemctl start robstride
Docker
FROM ubuntu:22.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
build-essential cmake \
python3 python3-pip \
rustc cargo \
can-utils
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
# Build all versions
RUN scripts/build-all.sh
CMD ["./cpp/build/robstride-mit-position", "1"]
资源
- 项目 URL:https://github.com/Seeed-Projects/RobStride_Control
- 问题报告:https://github.com/Seeed-Projects/RobStride_Control/issues
- 维护者:@tianrking
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