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RobStride 控制库 - 完整技术文档

高性能 RobStride 电机控制基线,提供 Python、C++、Rust 和 Arduino 实现

License Platform Language

📋 目录


🎯 项目概述

RobStride 控制库是专为 RobStride 系列电机设计的高性能电机控制库。该项目提供完整的电机控制解决方案,支持多种编程语言和硬件平台,适用于机器人技术、自动化控制、精密定位等各种应用场景。

核心特性

  • 多语言支持:提供 Python、C++、Rust 和 Arduino 实现
  • 多种控制模式:MIT 模式、位置模式、速度模式
  • 实时性能:50-200Hz 控制频率,低延迟
  • 工业级稳定性:支持连续长期运行
  • 跨平台兼容:Linux 系统、ESP32 及其他嵌入式平台
  • 标准化接口:统一的 API 设计,便于语言切换

技术优势

  • 高性能:直接 SocketCAN 通信,无中间件开销
  • 内存安全:Rust 实现提供内存安全保证
  • 实时控制:C++ 实现达到 200Hz 控制频率
  • 易于使用:Python 实现提供友好的交互界面
  • 嵌入式友好:Arduino 实现适用于资源受限环境

支持的电机型号

型号最大扭矩最大速度KP 范围KD 范围
RS-0017 Nm50 rad/s500.05.0
RS-0117 Nm44 rad/s500.05.0
RS-0217 Nm44 rad/s500.05.0
RS-0360 Nm50 rad/s5000.0100.0
RS-04120 Nm15 rad/s5000.0100.0
RS-0517 Nm33 rad/s500.05.0
RS-0660 Nm20 rad/s5000.0100.0

技术架构

系统架构图

graph TB
A[Application Layer] --> B[Control Library]
B --> C[CAN Protocol Layer]
C --> D[Hardware Interface Layer]
D --> E[CAN Hardware]

B --> F[Python Implementation]
B --> G[C++ Implementation]
B --> H[Rust Implementation]
B --> I[Arduino Implementation]

C --> J[MIT Mode]
C --> K[Position Mode]
C --> L[Speed Mode]

通信协议

  • 物理层:CAN 2.0B 标准
  • 数据链路层:扩展帧格式(29 位 ID)
  • 应用层:自定义 RobStride 协议
  • 传输速率:1 Mbps

控制模式详情

1. MIT 模式(模式 0)

  • 特点:直接扭矩控制,响应速度快
  • 使用场景:需要快速响应的应用
  • 控制参数:P、D、T、位置、速度

2. 位置模式(模式 1)

  • 特点:位置闭环控制,精确定位
  • 使用场景:精密定位、机器人关节控制
  • 控制参数:位置、速度、最大扭矩

3. 速度模式(模式 2)

  • 特点:速度闭环控制,稳定调速
  • 使用场景:需要恒定速度的应用
  • 控制参数:速度、最大扭矩

快速开始

环境设置

# Ubuntu/Debian system dependencies
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y \
build-essential cmake \
python3 python3-pip \
rustc cargo \
can-utils \
gcc-avr avr-libc arduino-core

# CAN interface setup
sudo modprobe can
sudo ip link set can0 type can bitrate 1000000
sudo ip link set up can0

克隆项目

git clone https://github.com/Seeed-Projects/RobStride_Control.git
cd RobStride_Control

选择您的语言实现

语言控制频率内存使用使用场景
Python50-100Hz~50MB快速原型开发、算法验证
C++200Hz~10MB高性能应用、实时控制
Rust150Hz~8MB安全关键、内存安全要求
Arduino100Hz~2KB嵌入式、资源受限环境

Python 实现

安装依赖

cd python
pip install -r requirements.txt

基本用法

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus

# Initialize CAN bus
bus = RobstrideBus('can0')

# Scan for motors
motors = bus.scan_channel()
print(f"Found motors: {motors}")

# MIT mode position control
motor_id = 1
target_position = 0.0

while True:
# Send control command
bus.write_operation_frame(
motor_id=motor_id,
p_des=target_position,
v_des=0.0,
kp=30.0,
kd=0.5,
t_ff=0.0
)

# Read status
response = bus.read_frame(motor_id)
print(f"Position: {response['position']:.3f} rad")

time.sleep(0.01) # 100Hz control frequency

交互界面

# Run MIT position control (with interactive interface)
python3 src/position_control.py 1

# Run speed control
python3 src/velocity_control.py 1

交互命令

# Interactive commands in MIT mode
kp 30.0 # Set position gain
kd 0.5 # Set velocity gain
pos 1.0 # Set target position
vel 2.0 # Set target velocity
tor 5.0 # Set feed-forward torque
quit # Exit program

高级功能

# Multi-motor synchronous control
motors = [1, 2, 3, 4]
bus.enable_motors(motors)

# Synchronous parameter setting
for motor_id in motors:
bus.set_motor_param(motor_id, kp=50.0, kd=1.0)

# Synchronous control
while True:
for i, motor_id in enumerate(motors):
position = math.sin(time.time() + i * math.pi/2)
bus.write_operation_frame(motor_id, position, 0, 50.0, 1.0, 0)

C++ 实现

构建

cd cpp
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make

基本用法

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <atomic>

class RobStrideMotor {
private:
int can_socket;
int motor_id;
std::atomic<bool> running;

public:
RobStrideMotor(int id) : motor_id(id), running(false) {
can_socket = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW);
// ... initialization code
}

void start() {
running = true;
std::thread control_thread(&RobStrideMotor::control_loop, this);
control_thread.detach();
}

void set_position(double position, double kp, double kd) {
uint8_t data[8];
// ... pack data
struct can_frame frame;
frame.can_id = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.can_dlc = 8;
memcpy(frame.data, data, 8);

write(can_socket, &frame, sizeof(frame));
}
};

性能优化

// High-performance configuration
static constexpr int CONTROL_FREQ = 200; // 200Hz
static constexpr auto CONTROL_PERIOD =
std::chrono::microseconds(1000000 / CONTROL_FREQ);

// Real-time control loop
void control_loop() {
auto next_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

while (running) {
// Control logic
send_command();

// Precise timing control
next_time += CONTROL_PERIOD;
std::this_thread::sleep_until(next_time);
}
}

运行

# Requires administrator privileges
sudo ./build/robstride-mit-position 1

Rust 实现

构建

cd rust
cargo build --release

基本用法

use socketcan::{CanSocket, CanFrame, EmbeddedFrame};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;

struct RobStrideController {
socket: Arc<Mutex<CanSocket>>,
motor_id: u8,
}

impl RobStrideController {
fn new(interface: &str, motor_id: u8) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let socket = CanSocket::open(interface)?;
Ok(Self {
socket: Arc::new(Mutex::new(socket)),
motor_id,
})
}

fn send_position_command(
&self,
position: f32,
velocity: f32,
kp: f32,
kd: f32,
torque: f32,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let data: [u8; 8] = [
(position * 1000.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 256.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 65536.0) as u8,
((position * 1000.0) / 16777216.0) as u8,
(velocity * 1000.0) as u8,
(kp * 5.0) as u8,
(kd * 500.0) as u8,
(torque * 10.0) as u8,
];

let frame = CanFrame::new(
socketcan::CanId::new(0x200 + self.motor_id as u32).unwrap(),
&data,
)?;

let socket = self.socket.lock().unwrap();
socket.write_frame(&frame)?;
Ok(())
}
}

内存安全特性

// Multi-thread safe shared CAN interface
let controller = Arc::new(RobStrideController::new("can0", motor_id)?);

// Control thread
let ctrl_clone = Arc::clone(&controller);
thread::spawn(move || {
loop {
ctrl_clone.send_command()?;
thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
}
});

// Monitoring thread
let monitor_clone = Arc::clone(&controller);
thread::spawn(move || {
loop {
let status = monitor_clone.read_status()?;
println!("Motor status: {:?}", status);
thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
}
});

运行

cargo run --release -- 1

Arduino 实现

硬件配置

ESP32           CAN Transceiver      RobStride Motor
GPIO5 <---> TX CAN H
GPIO4 <---> RX CAN L
5V <---> VCC Power Supply
GND <---> GND Ground

基础代码

#include <ESP32-TWAI-CAN.h>

class RobStrideMotor {
private:
TWAI_CAN can;
uint8_t motor_id;

public:
RobStrideMotor(uint8_t id) : motor_id(id) {}

bool begin() {
can.begin(TWAI_SPEED_1000KBPS, 4, 5); // GPIO4=RX, GPIO5=TX
return true;
}

void send_position_command(float position, float velocity, float kp, float kd, float torque) {
can_frame_t frame;
frame.identifier = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.extd = true;
frame.data_length_code = 8;

// Pack data
int32_t pos_int = (int32_t)(position * 1000.0);
frame.data[0] = pos_int & 0xFF;
frame.data[1] = (pos_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
frame.data[2] = (pos_int >> 16) & 0xFF;
frame.data[3] = (pos_int >> 24) & 0xFF;
frame.data[4] = (uint8_t)(velocity * 1000.0);
frame.data[5] = (uint8_t)(kp * 5.0);
frame.data[6] = (uint8_t)(kd * 500.0);
frame.data[7] = (uint8_t)(torque * 10.0);

can.writeFrame(&frame);
}

void enable_motor() {
can_frame_t frame;
frame.identifier = 0x200 + motor_id;
frame.extd = true;
frame.data_length_code = 8;
memset(frame.data, 0xFF, 8); // Enable command
can.writeFrame(&frame);
}
};

Arduino 控制示例

RobStrideMotor motor(1);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
motor.begin();

// Enable motor
motor.enable_motor();
delay(100);

Serial.println("Motor enabled, starting control loop...");
}

void loop() {
static float phase = 0.0;
float target_pos = sin(phase) * 3.14159; // ±π radians

motor.send_position_command(target_pos, 0, 30.0, 0.5, 0);

phase += 0.01;
delay(10); // 100Hz control frequency

if (phase > 2 * 3.14159) {
phase = 0;
}
}

协议详情

CAN 帧格式

字段大小描述
ID29 位扩展帧标识符
DLC4 位数据长度(固定为 8)
Data8 字节控制数据
CRC16 位循环冗余校验

ID 分配规则

  • 0x200 + ID:MIT 模式控制命令
  • 0x300 + ID:位置模式控制命令
  • 0x400 + ID:速度模式控制命令
  • 0x500 + ID:系统状态查询
  • 0x600 + ID:系统配置命令

数据包格式

MIT 模式控制命令(8 字节)

struct mit_command_t {
int32_t p_des; // Target position (rad)
int16_t v_des; // Target velocity (rad/s)
uint16_t kp; // Position gain
uint16_t kd; // Velocity gain
int16_t t_ff; // Feed-forward torque (Nm)
};

电机状态反馈(8 字节)

struct motor_status_t {
int32_t position; // Current position (rad)
int16_t velocity; // Current velocity (rad/s)
int16_t torque; // Current torque (Nm)
uint8_t mode; // Current mode
uint8_t error; // Error code
};

通信时序

sequenceDiagram
participant Host
participant Motor

Host->>Motor: Enable Command (0x200+ID)
Motor-->>Host: Enable Ack

loop Control Loop
Host->>Motor: Position Command (100Hz)
Motor-->>Host: Status Feedback
end

Host->>Motor: Disable Command
Motor-->>Host: Disable Ack

性能优化

系统调优

1. Linux 内核参数优化

# Real-time priority setting
echo 'KERNEL=="can0", MODE="0666"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/99-can.rules

# CPU affinity binding
sudo taskset -cp 0-3 $(pgrep robstride-control)

# Memory locking (optional)
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=1

2. 实时调度

#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

struct sched_param param;
param.sched_priority = 99;
sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param);

mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE);

性能基准

语言控制频率CPU 使用率延迟内存使用
Python50-100Hz15-20%2-5ms~50MB
C++200Hz5-8%0.5-1ms~10MB
Rust150Hz8-12%1-2ms~8MB
Arduino100Hz40-60%1-3ms~2KB

优化技巧

Python 优化

# Use C extensions for acceleration
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus

# Pre-allocate arrays
import numpy as np
position_buffer = np.zeros(1000)

# Async I/O
import asyncio
async def control_loop():
while True:
await send_command()
await asyncio.sleep(0.01)

C++ 优化

// Zero-copy optimization
static_assert(sizeof(motor_command_t) == 8, "Command size mismatch");

// Memory pool
class MemoryPool {
std::array<motor_command_t, 100> pool;
std::mutex mutex;
public:
motor_command_t* acquire() { /* ... */ }
void release(motor_command_t* ptr) { /* ... */ }
};

Rust 优化

// Pre-allocate capacity
let mut frames: Vec<CanFrame> = Vec::with_capacity(1000);

// Avoid heap allocation
#[repr(C, packed)]
struct MotorCommand {
p_des: i32,
v_des: i16,
kp: u16,
kd: u16,
t_ff: i16,
}

故障排除

常见问题

1. CAN 通信失败

# Check CAN interface status
ip -details link show can0

# Monitor CAN traffic
candump can0

# Reset CAN interface
sudo ip link set can0 down
sudo ip link set can0 up type can bitrate 1000000

2. 电机无响应

# Scan devices on bus
python3 -c "
from robstride_dynamics import RobstrideBus
bus = RobstrideBus('can0')
motors = bus.scan_channel()
print(f'Found motors: {motors}')
"

3. 性能问题

# Check CPU usage
top -p $(pgrep robstride-control)

# Check real-time
sudo chrt -f 99 $(pgrep robstride-control)

错误代码

代码描述解决方案
0x01通信超时检查 CAN 连接
0x02参数超出范围检查控制参数范围
0x03电机过流检查负载和扭矩限制
0x04位置溢出检查限制和目标位置
0x05温度过高检查冷却和负载

调试工具

# Real-time CAN bus monitoring
candump -t A can0

# Send test frame
cansend can0 211#FFFFFFFF

# Network topology detection
canbusload can0@1000000

# Error statistics
cangen can0 -I 211 -D r

开发指南

项目结构

RobStride_Control/
├── cpp/ # C++ implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── include/ # Header files
│ ├── tests/ # Test code
│ └── examples/ # Example code
├── python/ # Python implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── examples/ # Example code
│ └── tests/ # Test code
├── rust/ # Rust implementation
│ ├── src/ # Source code
│ ├── examples/ # Example code
│ └── tests/ # Test code
├── arduino/ # Arduino implementation
│ └── mi_motor_control/# ESP32 library
├── docs/ # Documentation
├── scripts/ # Utility scripts
└── tools/ # Helper tools

贡献指南

  1. 代码风格

    • Python:遵循 PEP 8
    • C++:遵循 Google C++ 风格指南
    • Rust:使用 rustfmt
    • Arduino:遵循 Arduino 风格指南
  2. 提交约定

    feat: Add new feature
    fix: Bug fix
    docs: Update documentation
    style: Code formatting changes
    refactor: Code refactoring
    test: Add tests
    chore: Build process or auxiliary tool changes
  3. 测试要求

    # Run all tests
    python3 -m pytest python/tests/
    cd cpp && make test
    cd rust && cargo test

构建脚本

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/build-all.sh

echo "Building all implementations..."

# Python
cd python
python3 setup.py build
cd ..

# C++
cd cpp
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake ..
make -j$(nproc)
cd ../..

# Rust
cd rust
cargo build --release
cd ..

# Arduino (requires Arduino IDE)
echo "Arduino build requires Arduino IDE"
echo "Open arduino/mi_motor_control/mi_motor_control.ino"

echo "Build completed!"

部署指南

Ubuntu/Debian

# Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential can-utils

# Build C++ version (fastest)
cd cpp/build
sudo make install

# Create system service
sudo cp scripts/robstride.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl enable robstride
sudo systemctl start robstride

Docker

FROM ubuntu:22.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
build-essential cmake \
python3 python3-pip \
rustc cargo \
can-utils

WORKDIR /app
COPY . .

# Build all versions
RUN scripts/build-all.sh

CMD ["./cpp/build/robstride-mit-position", "1"]

资源


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