Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 的 MicroPython

了解 MicroPython

本教程旨在介绍如何在基于 XIAO nRF54L15 的 Thonny 上使用 MicroPython。

MicroPython 是一个带有部分本地代码编译功能的 Python 解释器。它提供了 Python 3.5 功能的一个子集，专为嵌入式处理器和受限系统实现。它与 CPython 不同，你可以在这里阅读更多差异。如果你需要更多有趣的合集，可以查看 here

准备硬件。

Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15	Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 Sense

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安装 Thonny IDE

Thonny IDE

选择适合的版本进行安装。这里我是在 Windows 系统上安装，所以选择了 Windows 版本。

根据所需的 Python 版本按照提示进行操作。

然后只需按照默认步骤完成配置即可。

下载仓库

将其克隆到本地，然后记住存放此 XIAO nRF54L15 的 MicroPython 的路径。这个路径稍后会用到。

git clone https://github.com/Seeed-Studio/micropython-seeed-boards.git

上传板卡文件

步骤 0. 使用 USB 线将 XIAO NRF54L15 连接到电脑

步骤 1. 为 XIAO nRF54L15 刷入 MicroPython 固件

下载固件压缩包并解压到合适的位置。然后点击 flash.bat，它会自动为你刷写固件。

[Firmware] XIAO nRF54L15 MicroPython Firmware

结果如下所示

tip

此脚本已经预配置了刷写工具链命令。如果你是第一次使用，可能会花费一点时间。下载完成后会自动退出。如果没有插入 XIAO NRF54L15，在刷写过程中会出现“200”错误。

步骤 2. 打开 Thonny IDE，然后点击界面右下角配置解释器选项。选择 MicroPython (generic) 和端口

步骤 3. 上传板卡文件

打开 “view”，选择 "File"，文件管理器路径会显示在左侧边栏。

打开克隆或下载的文件路径，并打开 micropython-seeed-boards\examples
右键点击 "boards" 文件夹并上传到 flash。然后你就可以在 MicroPython device/flash 上看到上传的文件。

正常情况下，在位置 “3” 会出现一个图标

步骤 4. 点亮 LED

打开一个新文件（XX.py）或进入起始页面，然后复制代码并按下 F5 运行。

import time
from boards.xiao import XiaoPin

led = "led"

try:
    # Initialize LED
    led = XiaoPin(led, XiaoPin.OUT)
    while True:
        # LED 0.5 seconds on, 0.5 seconds off
        led.value(1)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        led.value(0)
        time.sleep(0.5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\nProgram interrupted by user")
except Exception as e:
    print("\nError occurred: %s" % {e})
finally:
    led.value(1)

结果如下：

数字

硬件

Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 Sense	Seeed Studio Expansion Base for XIAO with Grove OLED	Grove - Relay

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软件

from machine import Pin
from boards.xiao_nrf54l15 import xiao_nrf54l15 as xiao

# Define a function to get the GPIO information corresponding to pin A0
def get_a0_pin():
    # Get the information of pin A0 through the pin method of the xiao module
    # According to the definition in xiao_nrf54l15.py, A0 corresponds to digital pin 0
    pin_info = xiao.pin(0)  # Get the information of digital pin 0, the return value is a tuple, such as ("gpio1", 4)
    return pin_info

# Define a function to set pin A0 to high level
def set_a0_high():
    # Get the GPIO information of pin A0
    gpio_port, gpio_pin = get_a0_pin()  # Get the port and pin number
    # Create a Pin object, specify the pin as output mode, and set it to high level
    pin = Pin((gpio_port, gpio_pin), Pin.OUT)  # Initialize the pin as output mode
    pin.value(1)  # Set the pin to high level

# Main program
if __name__ == "__main__":
    set_a0_high()  # Call the function to set pin A0 to high level
    print("Pin A0 has been set to high level")  # Output prompt information

代码说明：这段代码分为四个部分，包括导入模块、获取 A0 引脚 GPIO 信息的函数、将 A0 引脚设置为高电平的函数以及主函数，在主程序中调用将 A0 引脚设置为高电平的操作。

结果

模拟

硬件

Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 Sense	Grove-Variable Color LED	Grove-Rotary Angle Sensor	Seeed Studio Grove Base for XIAO

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软件

import time
from boards.xiao import XiaoPin, XiaoADC, XiaoPWM

adc = 0    #D0
pwm = 1    #D1

try:
    # Initialize ADC for potentiometer
    adc = XiaoADC(adc)            
    # Initialize PWM for LED control
    pwm = XiaoPWM(pwm)     
    FREQ = 1000                     
    PERIOD_NS = 1000000             
    pwm.init(freq=FREQ, duty_ns=0)  
    # Potentiometer parameters
    MIN_VOLTAGE = 0.0      
    MAX_VOLTAGE = 3.3     
    DEAD_ZONE = 0.05   
    last_duty = -1 
    while True:
        # Read ADC voltage value
        voltage = adc.read_uv() / 1000000  

        # Ensure voltage is within valid range
        if voltage < MIN_VOLTAGE:
            voltage = MIN_VOLTAGE
        elif voltage > MAX_VOLTAGE:
            voltage = MAX_VOLTAGE

        duty_percent = (voltage - MIN_VOLTAGE) / (MAX_VOLTAGE - MIN_VOLTAGE)

        # Apply dead zone to prevent tiny fluctuations
        if abs(duty_percent - last_duty) < DEAD_ZONE / 100:
            time.sleep(0.05)
            continue

        # Calculate duty cycle time (nanoseconds)
        duty_ns = int(duty_percent * PERIOD_NS)

        # Set PWM duty cycle
        pwm.duty_ns(duty_ns)

        # Print current status
        print("Voltage: {:.2f}V, Duty Cycle: {:.1f}%".format(voltage, duty_percent * 100))

        # Update last duty cycle value
        last_duty = duty_percent

        # Short delay
        time.sleep(0.05)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\nProgram interrupted by user")
except Exception as e:
    print("\nError occurred: %s" % {e})
finally:
    pwm.deinit()

Code Explain: This code can be divided into four parts:

importing modules:including the time module for delay operations, as well as the XiaoADC and XiaoPWM modules
initializing the hardware:defining the ADC and PWM pins, and initializing the ADC to read the voltage of the potentiometer, and initializing the PWM to control the LED brightness.
The main program logic:in an infinite loop, reads the voltage of the potentiometer, converts it to a PWM duty cycle, and adjusts the LED brightness according to the voltage.
Exception handling and cleanup:capturing user interruptions (such as pressing Ctrl+C) and other exceptions to ensure the program exits safely.

结果

I2C

硬件

Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 Sense	Seeed Studio XIAO 扩展板底板

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软件

import time
from boards.xiao import XiaoI2C

sda = 4        #D4
scl = 5        #D5
i2c = "i2c0"
frq = 400000
i2c = XiaoI2C(i2c, sda, scl, frq)

# --- SSD1306 I2C address and command definitions ---
SSD1306_I2C_ADDR = 0x3C
SSD1306_SET_CONTRAST = 0x81
SSD1306_DISPLAY_ALL_ON_RESUME = 0xA4
SSD1306_DISPLAY_ALL_ON = 0xA5
SSD1306_NORMAL_DISPLAY = 0xA6
SSD1306_INVERT_DISPLAY = 0xA7
SSD1306_DISPLAY_OFF = 0xAE
SSD1306_DISPLAY_ON = 0xAF
SSD1306_SET_DISPLAY_OFFSET = 0xD3
SSD1306_SET_COM_PINS = 0xDA
SSD1306_SET_VCOM_DETECT = 0xDB
SSD1306_SET_DISPLAY_CLOCK_DIV = 0xD5
SSD1306_SET_PRECHARGE = 0xD9
SSD1306_SET_MULTIPLEX = 0xA8
SSD1306_SET_LOW_COLUMN = 0x00
SSD1306_SET_HIGH_COLUMN = 0x10
SSD1306_SET_START_LINE = 0x40
SSD1306_MEMORY_MODE = 0x20
SSD1306_COLUMN_ADDR = 0x21
SSD1306_PAGE_ADDR = 0x22
SSD1306_COM_SCAN_INC = 0xC0
SSD1306_COM_SCAN_DEC = 0xC8
SSD1306_SEG_REMAP = 0xA0
SSD1306_CHARGE_PUMP = 0x8D

# Display dimensions
SSD1306_WIDTH = 128
SSD1306_HEIGHT = 64
SSD1306_PAGES = 8

# Basic 8x8 font 
font_data = {
    ' ': [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    'A': [0x18,0x24,0x42,0x7E,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x00],
    'B': [0x7C,0x42,0x42,0x7C,0x42,0x42,0x7C,0x00],
    'C': [0x3C,0x42,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    'D': [0x78,0x44,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x44,0x78,0x00],
    'E': [0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x78,0x40,0x40,0x7C,0x00],
    'F': [0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x78,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00],
    'G': [0x3C,0x42,0x40,0x4E,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    'H': [0x44,0x44,0x44,0x7C,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x00],
    'I': [0x38,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x38,0x00],
    'J': [0x1C,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x48,0x30,0x00],
    'K': [0x44,0x48,0x50,0x60,0x50,0x48,0x44,0x00],
    'L': [0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7C,0x00],
    'M': [0x42,0x66,0x5A,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x00],
    'N': [0x42,0x62,0x52,0x4A,0x46,0x42,0x42,0x00],
    'O': [0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    'P': [0x7C,0x42,0x42,0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00],
    'Q': [0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x4A,0x44,0x3A,0x00],
    'R': [0x7C,0x42,0x42,0x7C,0x48,0x44,0x42,0x00],
    'S': [0x3C,0x42,0x40,0x3C,0x02,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    'T': [0x7C,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00],
    'U': [0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    'V': [0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x24,0x18,0x00],
    'W': [0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x5A,0x66,0x42,0x00],
    'X': [0x42,0x24,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x24,0x42,0x00],
    'Y': [0x44,0x44,0x28,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00],
    'Z': [0x7E,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x7E,0x00],
    '0': [0x3C,0x42,0x46,0x4A,0x52,0x62,0x3C,0x00],
    '1': [0x10,0x30,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x38,0x00],
    '2': [0x3C,0x42,0x02,0x0C,0x30,0x40,0x7E,0x00],
    '3': [0x3C,0x42,0x02,0x1C,0x02,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    '4': [0x08,0x18,0x28,0x48,0x7E,0x08,0x08,0x00],
    '5': [0x7E,0x40,0x7C,0x02,0x02,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    '6': [0x1C,0x20,0x40,0x7C,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    '7': [0x7E,0x42,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00],
    '8': [0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00],
    '9': [0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x3E,0x02,0x04,0x38,0x00],
    '!': [0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00],
    '?': [0x3C,0x42,0x02,0x0C,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00],
    '.': [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x00],
    ',': [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0x20],
    ':': [0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00],
    ';': [0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0x20],
    '-': [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    '_': [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00],
    '+': [0x00,0x10,0x10,0x7C,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x00],
    '*': [0x00,0x24,0x18,0x7E,0x18,0x24,0x00,0x00],
    '/': [0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x00,0x00],
    '\\': [0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x00,0x00],
    '=': [0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    '\'': [0x10,0x10,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    '"': [0x24,0x24,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    '(': [0x08,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00],
    ')': [0x20,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00],
    '[': [0x1C,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1C,0x00],
    ']': [0x38,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00],
    '{': [0x0C,0x10,0x10,0x60,0x10,0x10,0x0C,0x00],
    '}': [0x30,0x08,0x08,0x06,0x08,0x08,0x30,0x00],
    '<': [0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00],
    '>': [0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00],
    '|': [0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00],
    '@': [0x3C,0x42,0x5A,0x5A,0x5C,0x40,0x3C,0x00],
    '#': [0x24,0x24,0x7E,0x24,0x7E,0x24,0x24,0x00],
    '$': [0x10,0x3C,0x50,0x3C,0x12,0x3C,0x10,0x00],
    '%': [0x62,0x64,0x08,0x10,0x26,0x46,0x00,0x00],
    '^': [0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    '&': [0x30,0x48,0x50,0x20,0x54,0x48,0x34,0x00],
    '~': [0x00,0x00,0x34,0x4C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00]
}

# --- Helper functions ---

# Write a single command byte to SSD1306 via I2C
def ssd1306_write_command(cmd):
    i2c.writeto(SSD1306_I2C_ADDR, bytes([0x00, cmd]))

# Write multiple command bytes to SSD1306 via I2C
def ssd1306_write_commands(cmds):
    data = bytearray([0x00] + list(cmds))
    i2c.writeto(SSD1306_I2C_ADDR, data)

# Write display data bytes to SSD1306 via I2C
def ssd1306_write_data(data):
    buffer = bytearray(len(data) + 1)
    buffer[0] = 0x40
    buffer[1:] = data
    i2c.writeto(SSD1306_I2C_ADDR, buffer)

# Clear the entire SSD1306 display
def ssd1306_clear():
    ssd1306_write_commands(bytearray([SSD1306_COLUMN_ADDR, 0, SSD1306_WIDTH - 1]))
    ssd1306_write_commands(bytearray([SSD1306_PAGE_ADDR, 0, SSD1306_PAGES - 1]))

    empty_data = bytearray(SSD1306_WIDTH)
    for _ in range(SSD1306_PAGES):
        ssd1306_write_data(empty_data)
    ssd1306_write_commands([SSD1306_COLUMN_ADDR, 0, SSD1306_WIDTH - 1])

# Initialize SSD1306 display with recommended settings
def ssd1306_init():
    commands = [
        bytearray([SSD1306_DISPLAY_OFF]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_DISPLAY_CLOCK_DIV, 0x80]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_MULTIPLEX, SSD1306_HEIGHT - 1]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_DISPLAY_OFFSET, 0x00]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_START_LINE | 0x00]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x14]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_MEMORY_MODE, 0x00]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SEG_REMAP | 0x01]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_COM_SCAN_DEC]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_COM_PINS, 0x12]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_CONTRAST, 0xCF]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_PRECHARGE, 0xF1]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_SET_VCOM_DETECT, 0x40]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_DISPLAY_ALL_ON_RESUME]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_NORMAL_DISPLAY]),
        bytearray([SSD1306_DISPLAY_ON])
    ]

    for cmd in commands:
        ssd1306_write_commands(cmd)

    ssd1306_clear()
    print("SSD1306 initialized successfully.")
    ssd1306_write_commands([SSD1306_COLUMN_ADDR, 0, SSD1306_WIDTH - 1])

# Draw a string of text at specified column and page (row) on SSD1306
def ssd1306_draw_text(text, x, y): 
    ssd1306_write_commands(bytearray([SSD1306_COLUMN_ADDR, x, x + len(text) * 8 - 1]))
    ssd1306_write_commands(bytearray([SSD1306_PAGE_ADDR, y, y + 0]))

    display_data = bytearray()
    for char in text:
        font_bytes = font_data.get(char.upper(), font_data[' '])
        for col in range(7, -1, -1):
            val = 0
            for row in range(8):
                if font_bytes[row] & (1 << col):
                    val |= (1 << row)
            display_data.append(val)

    ssd1306_write_data(display_data)

i2c_addr = i2c.scan()
if SSD1306_I2C_ADDR not in i2c_addr:
    raise Exception("SSD1306 not found on I2C bus")
else:
    print("SSD1306 found on I2C bus: 0x{:02X}".format(SSD1306_I2C_ADDR))

# Initialize display
ssd1306_init()
ssd1306_draw_text("NRF54L15", 30, 2)
ssd1306_draw_text("HELLO WORLD", 20, 4)

代码说明：

此代码通过 I2C 通信初始化并控制 SSD1306 OLED 显示屏，定义了显示屏的命令和参数，并实现了清屏、初始化以及显示文本等功能。

导入模块并初始化 I2C 通信：导入 time 模块用于延时操作，导入 XiaoI2C 模块用于初始化 I2C 通信。定义 I2C 的 SDA 和 SCL 引脚，并设置 I2C 频率。然后创建一个 XiaoI2C 对象，用于与 I2C 设备（如 OLED 显示屏）进行通信。
定义 SSD1306 显示屏的指令和参数：定义 SSD1306 显示屏的 I2C 地址以及一系列控制命令（例如设置对比度、显示开/关等）。同时定义显示屏的尺寸参数（宽度、高度和页数），以及一个简单的 8x8 点阵字体库，用于在屏幕上显示字符。
定义辅助函数：定义了一系列辅助函数，用于向 SSD1306 发送命令和数据。
主程序逻辑：首先通过执行 I2C 扫描检查 SSD1306 显示屏是否连接到 I2C 总线。如果找到显示屏，则调用 ssd1306_init 函数初始化显示屏。然后调用 ssd1306_draw_text 函数，在显示屏上显示两行文本 "NRF54L15" 和 "HELLO WORLD"。

结果

SPI

硬件

Seeed Studio XIAO nRF54L15 Sense	ePaper Driver Board for Seeed Studio XIAO

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软件

import time
from boards.xiao import XiaoPin, XiaoSPI

# -------- Pins & SPI --------
RST = 0; CS = 1; DC = 3; BUSY = 5
sck = 9; mosi = 10; miso = 8; spi_id = "spi0"

RST = XiaoPin(RST, XiaoPin.OUT)
CS  = XiaoPin(CS, XiaoPin.OUT)
DC  = XiaoPin(DC, XiaoPin.OUT)
BUSY = XiaoPin(BUSY, XiaoPin.IN, XiaoPin.PULL_UP)
spi = XiaoSPI(spi_id, 20_000_000, sck, mosi, miso)

# -------- ePaper basics --------
def reset():
    RST.value(0); time.sleep_ms(10)
    RST.value(1); time.sleep_ms(10)

def send_command(cmd):
    DC.value(0); CS.value(0)
    spi.write(bytearray([cmd & 0xFF]))
    CS.value(1)

def send_data(data):
    DC.value(1); CS.value(0)
    if isinstance(data, int):
        spi.write(bytearray([data & 0xFF]))
    else:
        spi.write(data)
    CS.value(1)

def wait_until_idle():
    # If BUSY = 0, it indicates that the device is busy. You can then switch back to polling.
    # while BUSY.value() == 0: time.sleep_ms(1)
    time.sleep_ms(1)

def init_display():
    reset()
    send_command(0x00); send_data(0x1F)
    send_command(0x04); time.sleep_ms(100); wait_until_idle()
    send_command(0x50); send_data(0x21); send_data(0x07)

def clear_screen():
    CS.value(0)
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x10'); DC.value(1)
    for _ in range(48000): spi.write(b'\xFF')
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x13'); DC.value(1)
    for _ in range(48000): spi.write(b'\xFF')
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x12'); CS.value(1)
    wait_until_idle()

# -------- Geometry --------
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 480
BYTES_PER_ROW = WIDTH // 8
linebuf = bytearray(BYTES_PER_ROW)

# -------- Minimal 5x7 glyphs (columns, LSB=top) --------
FONT_W, FONT_H = 5, 7
G = {
    ' ':[0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00],
    # Digits
    '0':[0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E],
    '1':[0x00,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00],
    '2':[0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46],
    '3':[0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31],
    '4':[0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10],
    '5':[0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39],
    '6':[0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30],
    '7':[0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03],
    '8':[0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36],
    '9':[0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E],
    # Uppercase
    'A':[0x7E,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x7E],
    'F':[0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x01],
    'H':[0x7F,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x7F],
    'I':[0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x41,0x00],
    'L':[0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40],
    'M':[0x7F,0x02,0x0C,0x02,0x7F],
    'O':[0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x3E],
    'P':[0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x06],
    'R':[0x7F,0x09,0x19,0x29,0x46],
    'T':[0x01,0x01,0x7F,0x01,0x01],
    'X':[0x63,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x63],
    'Y':[0x07,0x08,0x70,0x08,0x07],
    # Lowercase
    'a':[0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78],
    'c':[0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x20],
    'e':[0x38,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x18],
    'h':[0x7F,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78],
    'i':[0x00,0x44,0x7D,0x40,0x00],
    'l':[0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x40,0x00],
    'n':[0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78],
    'o':[0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x38],
    'p':[0x7C,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x08],
    'r':[0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08],
    't':[0x04,0x3F,0x44,0x40,0x20],
    'y':[0x0C,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x3C],
}

def glyph(ch):
    return G.get(ch, G[' '])

# -------- Text helpers --------
def text_size(text, scale=1, spacing=1):
    w = 0
    for _ in text:
        w += (FONT_W * scale + spacing)
    if w: w -= spacing
    return w, FONT_H * scale

def text_pixel(x, y, text, sx, sy, scale=1, spacing=1):
    # Return 0 = Black, 1 = White
    if y < sy or y >= sy + FONT_H * scale:
        return 1
    lx = x - sx
    if lx < 0:
        return 1
    cursor = 0
    for ch in text:
        cw = FONT_W * scale
        if cursor <= lx < cursor + cw:
            cx_scaled = lx - cursor
            cy_scaled = y - sy
            cx = cx_scaled // scale
            cy = cy_scaled // scale
            col = glyph(ch)[cx] 
            bit = (col >> cy) & 1
            return 0 if bit else 1
        cursor += cw + spacing
    return 1

# -------- Stream update --------
def epaper_update_lines(lines):
    CS.value(0)

    # The old picture is completely white.
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x10'); DC.value(1)
    for _ in range(HEIGHT * BYTES_PER_ROW):
        spi.write(b'\xFF')

    # New image: Generated row by row
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x13'); DC.value(1)
    for y in range(HEIGHT):
        bi = 0; bitpos = 7; linebuf[:] = b'\x00' * BYTES_PER_ROW
        for x in range(WIDTH):
            val = 1  # Default white
            for (txt, tx, ty, scale) in lines:
                if text_pixel(x, y, txt, tx, ty, scale) == 0:
                    val = 0
                    break
            if val:
                linebuf[bi] |= (1 << bitpos)  # 1 = white
            bitpos -= 1
            if bitpos < 0:
                bitpos = 7; bi += 1
        spi.write(linebuf)

    # Redresh
    DC.value(0); spi.write(b'\x12'); CS.value(1)
    wait_until_idle()

# -------- Main --------
LINE1 = "XIAO nRF541L15"
LINE2 = "Hello MicroPython"
SCALE1 = 3
SCALE2 = 3

def main():
    init_display()
    clear_screen()

    # Centered layout
    w1, h1 = text_size(LINE1, SCALE1)
    w2, h2 = text_size(LINE2, SCALE2)
    total_h = h1 + 12 + h2  # Line spacing: 12 px
    y0 = (HEIGHT - total_h) // 2
    x1 = (WIDTH - w1) // 2
    x2 = (WIDTH - w2) // 2
    y1 = y0
    y2 = y0 + h1 + 12

    lines = [
        (LINE1, x1, y1, SCALE1),
        (LINE2, x2, y2, SCALE2),
    ]
    epaper_update_lines(lines)

    while True:
        time.sleep(1_000_000)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

代码说明：

模块导入
- time: 提供延时等与时间相关的功能。
- XiaoPin and XiaoSPI: 从 boards.xiao 导入；XiaoPin 用于控制 GPIO 引脚，XiaoSPI 用于处理 SPI 通信。
引脚与 SPI 配置
- 定义了特定引脚：复位（RST）、片选（CS）、数据/命令（DC）以及忙（BUSY）。
- 配置了与 SPI 相关的引脚（SCK、MOSI、MISO）以及 SPI 控制器。
- 初始化所有 GPIO 引脚的工作模式（输入/输出）。
- 创建一个频率为 20 MHz 的 SPI 实例。
电子纸基础函数
- reset(): 对显示屏执行一次硬件复位操作。
- send_command(cmd): 发送单字节命令。
- send_data(data): 发送数据，可以是单字节或多字节。
- wait_until_idle(): 等待显示屏进入空闲状态（当前通过简单延时实现）。
- init_display(): 执行显示屏的初始化流程。
- clear_screen(): 清空屏幕，将其设置为全白状态。
显示参数
- WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 480: 指定显示屏的分辨率。
- BYTES_PER_ROW: 表示每一行像素所需的字节数。
- linebuf: 行缓冲区，用于临时存储单行的像素数据。
字体系统
- 定义了一个简单的 5x7 像素字体，存储在 G 字典中。
- glyph(ch): 获取与给定字符对应的像素数据。
- text_size(): 计算在指定缩放比例下文本显示时的尺寸。
- text_pixel(): 确定是否应在特定位置绘制像素（用于文本渲染）。
显示更新
- epaper_update_lines(lines): 用于更新显示的核心函数。
- 首先，发送数据以设置全白背景。
- 然后，逐行计算并传输新的图像数据。
- 最后，触发显示刷新以显示新内容。
- 支持多行文本显示，每一行都可以具有不同的位置和缩放比例。
main() 函数
- 初始化显示屏。
- 计算文本的居中位置。
- 为文本行创建配置列表。
- 调用 epaper_update_lines() 来更新显示内容。
- 进入无限休眠循环。

结果

自动执行程序

如果你希望你的缩写程序能够自动执行，可以按照以下步骤操作：

步骤 1. 新建一个程序文件，并使用 Ctrl + S 将其保存到 MicroPython 设备的闪存中，并命名为 main.py。

这里以 blink 程序为例

然后它会显示在 MicroPython device/flash 部分下方。

步骤 2. 通过按下板载 Reset 按钮，即可实现自动执行效果。

效果：

常见问题

Bootloader 更新

如果你遇到无法使用 Thonny 上传 MicroPython 程序的情况，可能是因为出厂生产时使用的 Bootloader 版本较旧。

步骤 1. 接线

OpenOCD / JTAG / SWD	XIAO nRF54L15
5V	5V
GND	GND
SWDIO	SWDIO2
SWDCLK	SWDCLK2
RST	RST

tip

请确保引脚连接正确，以防止烧录过程失败。

步骤 2. 下载固件烧录程序

xiao_samd11_flash

步骤 3. 运行脚本

以 Windows 系统为例。解压下载的文件，在文件夹中右键并打开终端。执行 .\xiao_samd11_openocd_flash.bat。如果你的接线正确，结果将如下面的图片所示。

tip

在 Mac/Linux 系统上，你需要将 .bat 改为 .sh

技术支持与产品讨论

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了解 MicroPython​

准备硬件。​

安装 Thonny IDE​

下载仓库​

上传板卡文件​

数字​

硬件​

软件​

结果​

模拟​

硬件​

软件​

结果​

I2C​

硬件​

软件​

结果​

SPI​

硬件​

软件​

结果​

自动执行程序​

常见问题​

Bootloader 更新​

技术支持与产品讨论​