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The Things Network への接続

The Things Network (TTN) は、LoRaWAN® をベースとしたグローバルなオープンソース IoT プラットフォームで、低消費電力かつ長距離の無線接続を提供します。これは The Things Stack (TTS) によってサポートされており、安全なデバイス管理とデータルーティングを提供する LoRaWAN® ネットワークサーバーです。この章では、SenseCAP T2000 TrackerThe Things Network に接続する方法をユーザーにガイドします。

デバイス設定

TTS に接続する前に、SenseCraft APP でデバイスの基本パラメータを設定する必要があります。詳細については クイックスタート を確認してください。

プラットフォームを The Things Network に設定し、Device EUI / AppEUI / AppKey をコピーします。その後、The Things Stack でデバイスを手動で追加します。

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The Things Network

The Things Stack(TTS) は、オープンソースコアをベースに構築されたエンタープライズグレードの LoRaWAN ネットワークサーバーです。The Things Stack を使用すると、独自のハードウェアまたはクラウド上で LoRaWAN ネットワークを構築・管理できます。

まず、The Things Network でアカウントを登録してください。

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ステップ 1: アプリケーションの作成

Applications ページに移動し、Add application をクリックします。

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Application ID、Application name を入力し、Create application をクリックして変更を保存します。

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ステップ 2: デバイスの登録

アプリケーションが作成されたら、Register end device をクリックします。

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Enter end device specifics manually input method を選択します。以下の情報を参照して、正しく情報を入力してください。

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適切な Frequency Plan を選択してください。デバイスとゲートウェイは通信するために同じ周波数プランを使用する必要があります。

info

特定のデバイスに対して LoRaWAN Version と Regional Parameters version フィールドを選択してください。
LoRaWAN version: LoRaWAN Specification 1.0.4
Regional Parameters version: RP002 Regional Parameters 1.0.3

SenseCraft App から Device EUI / AppEUI / AppKey を貼り付け、Register end device をクリックします。

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note

上記の "JoinEUI" は "AppEUI" と同様です。

ステップ 3: ペイロードフォーマッターのアップロード

Payload Formatters ページに移動し、Custom Javascript Formatter を選択します。 以下のデコーダーでフォーマッターコードを入力し、変更を保存します:

TTN(ChirpStack V4) 用
function decodeUplink (input) {
const bytes = input['bytes']
const bytesString = bytes2HexString(bytes)
const originMessage = bytesString.toLocaleUpperCase()
const decoded = {
valid: true,
err: 0,
payload: bytesString,
messages: []
}
let measurement = messageAnalyzed(originMessage)
if (measurement.length === 0) {
decoded.valid = false
return { data: decoded }
}

for (let message of measurement) {
if (message.length === 0) {
continue
}
let elements = []
for (let element of message) {
if (element.errorCode) {
decoded.err = element.errorCode
decoded.errMessage = element.error
} else {
elements.push(element)
}
}
if (elements.length > 0) {
decoded.messages.push(elements)
}
}
return { data: decoded }
}

function messageAnalyzed (messageValue) {
try {
let frames = unpack(messageValue)
let measurementResultArray = []
for (let i = 0; i < frames.length; i++) {
let item = frames[i]
let dataId = item.dataId
let dataValue = item.dataValue
let measurementArray = deserialize(dataId, dataValue)
measurementResultArray.push(measurementArray)
}
return measurementResultArray
} catch (e) {
return e.toString()
}
}

function unpack (messageValue) {
let frameArray = []
const FIXED_LENGTH_PACKAGES = {
'27': 92, '28': 60, '29': 24, '2A': 12, '2B': 46, '2E': 34, '31': 30, '32': 18
}
const DYNAMIC_LENGTH_PACKAGES = {
'2C': {minLen: 32, scanCountPos: [30, 32], baseLen: 23, itemLen: 7},
'2D': {minLen: 32, scanCountPos: [30, 32], baseLen: 23, itemLen: 7},
'2F': {minLen: 20, scanCountPos: [18, 20], baseLen: 17, itemLen: 7},
'30': {minLen: 20, scanCountPos: [18, 20], baseLen: 17, itemLen: 7}
}

for (let i = 0; i < messageValue.length; i++) {
let remainMessage = messageValue
let dataId = remainMessage.substring(0, 2).toUpperCase()
let dataValue
let dataObj = {}

if (dataId === '0C') {
dataValue = ''
messageValue = remainMessage.substring(2)
dataObj = {'dataId': dataId, 'dataValue': ''}
} else if (dataId === '0D') {
dataValue = remainMessage.substring(2, 10)
messageValue = remainMessage.substring(10)
dataObj = {'dataId': dataId, 'dataValue': dataValue}
} else if (FIXED_LENGTH_PACKAGES[dataId]) {
let packageLen = FIXED_LENGTH_PACKAGES[dataId]
if (remainMessage.length < packageLen) {
return frameArray
}
dataValue = remainMessage.substring(2, packageLen)
messageValue = remainMessage.substring(packageLen)
dataObj = {'dataId': dataId, 'dataValue': dataValue}
} else if (DYNAMIC_LENGTH_PACKAGES[dataId]) {
let config = DYNAMIC_LENGTH_PACKAGES[dataId]
if (remainMessage.length < config.minLen) {
return frameArray
}
let scanCount = parseInt(remainMessage.substring(config.scanCountPos[0], config.scanCountPos[1]), 16)
let packageLen = (config.baseLen + (scanCount - 1) * config.itemLen) * 2
if (remainMessage.length < packageLen) {
return frameArray
}
dataValue = remainMessage.substring(2, packageLen)
messageValue = remainMessage.substring(packageLen)
dataObj = {'dataId': dataId, 'dataValue': dataValue}
} else {
return frameArray
}

if (dataValue.length < 2 && dataObj.dataId !== '0C') {
break
}
frameArray.push(dataObj)
}
return frameArray
}

function deserialize (dataId, dataValue) {
let measurementArray = []
let eventList = []
let timestamp = 0
let value = null
let motionId = 0
let scanMax = 0
let interval = 0
let workMode = 0
let heartbeatInterval = 0
let periodicInterval = 0
let eventInterval = 0
switch (dataId) {
case '0C':
measurementArray.push({type: "timeSync"})
break
case '0D':
let errorCode = getInt(dataValue)
let error = ''
switch (errorCode) {
case 1:
error = 'FAILED TO OBTAIN THE UTC TIMESTAMP'
break
case 2:
error = 'ALMANAC TOO OLD'
break
case 3:
error = 'DOPPLER ERROR'
break
}
measurementArray.push({errorCode, error})
break
case '27':
measurementArray.push(...getUpT2000(dataValue))
break
case '28':
interval = 0
workMode = getInt(dataValue.substring(0, 2))
heartbeatInterval = getMinsByMin(dataValue.substring(4, 8))
periodicInterval = getMinsByMin(dataValue.substring(8, 12))
eventInterval = getMinsByMin(dataValue.substring(12, 16))
switch (workMode) {
case 0:
interval = heartbeatInterval
break
case 1:
interval = periodicInterval
break
case 2:
interval = eventInterval
break
}
measurementArray = [
{
measurementId: '3940', measurementValue: workMode
}, {
measurementId: '3965', measurementValue: getPositioningStrategy(dataValue.substring(2, 4))
}, {
measurementId: '3942', measurementValue: heartbeatInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3943', measurementValue: periodicInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3944', measurementValue: eventInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3974', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(16, 18))
}, {
measurementId: '3976', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(18, 20))
}, {
measurementId: '3977', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(20, 22))
}, {
measurementId: '3900', measurementValue: interval
}, {
measurementId: '3978', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(22, 24))
}, {
measurementId: '3979', measurementValue: dataValue.substring(26, 26 + getInt(dataValue.substring(24, 26)) * 2)
}
]
// measurementArray.push(measurement)
break
case '29':
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3946', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(0, 2))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3947', measurementValue: getSensorValue(dataValue.substring(2, 6), 1)
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3948', measurementValue: getMinsByMin(dataValue.substring(6, 10))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3949', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(10, 12))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3950', measurementValue: getMinsByMin(dataValue.substring(12, 16))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3951', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(16, 18))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3952', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(18, 22))
})
break
case '2A':
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3000', measurementValue: getBattery(dataValue.substring(0, 2))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3940', measurementValue: getWorkingMode(dataValue.substring(2, 4))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3965', measurementValue: getPositioningStrategy(dataValue.substring(4, 6))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3974', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(6, 8))
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3976', measurementValue: getInt(dataValue.substring(8, 10))
})
break
case '2B':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 4))
motionId = getMotionId(dataValue.substring(4, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
parseAccelerometerData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseLocationData(dataValue, 26, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 42, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
case '2C':
case '2D':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 4))
motionId = getMotionId(dataValue.substring(4, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
parseAccelerometerData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 26, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
scanMax = getInt(dataValue.substring(28, 30))
parseScanData(scanMax, dataValue, 30, dataId === '2C' ? '5001' : '5002', timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
case '2E':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 4))
motionId = getMotionId(dataValue.substring(4, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
parseLocationData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 30, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
case '2F':
case '30':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 4))
motionId = getMotionId(dataValue.substring(4, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
scanMax = getInt(dataValue.substring(16, 18))
parseScanData(scanMax, dataValue, 18, dataId === '2F' ? '5001' : '5002', timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
case '31':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(2, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3576',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: getPositingStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 2))
})
parseAccelerometerData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 26, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
case '32':
eventList = getEventStatus(dataValue.substring(2, 6))
timestamp = getUTCTimestamp(dataValue.substring(6, 14))
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3576',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: getPositingStatus(dataValue.substring(0, 2))
})
parseBatteryData(dataValue, 14, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
parseEventData(eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray)
break
}
if (measurementArray.length > 0) {
for (let frag of measurementArray) {
if (frag.measurementId) {
frag.type = getTypeByMeasurementId(frag.measurementId)
}
}
}
return measurementArray
}

function parseAccelerometerData (dataValue, startPos, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray) {
const accelerometerIds = ['4210', '4211', '4212']
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
let value = getSignSensorValue(dataValue.substring(startPos + i * 4, startPos + (i + 1) * 4), 1)
if (value !== null) {
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: accelerometerIds[i],
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: value
})
}
}
}

function parseBatteryData (dataValue, pos, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray) {
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '3000',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: '' + getBattery(dataValue.substring(pos, pos + 2))
})
}

function parseEventData (eventList, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray) {
if (eventList && eventList.length > 0) {
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '4200',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: eventList
})
}
}

function parseLocationData (dataValue, startPos, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray) {
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '4197',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: '' + getSensorValue(dataValue.substring(startPos, startPos + 8), 1000000)
})
measurementArray.push({
measurementId: '4198',
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: '' + getSensorValue(dataValue.substring(startPos + 8, startPos + 16), 1000000)
})
}

function parseScanData (scanMax, dataValue, startPos, measurementId, timestamp, motionId, measurementArray) {
if (scanMax && scanMax > 0) {
measurementArray.push({
measurementId,
timestamp,
motionId,
measurementValue: getMacAndRssiObj(dataValue.substring(startPos))
})
}
}

function getTypeByMeasurementId (measurementId) {
const TYPE_MAP = {
'3000': 'Battery',
'3502': 'Firmware Version',
'3001': 'Hardware Version',
'3940': 'Work Mode',
'3965': 'Positioning Strategy',
'3942': 'Heartbeat Interval',
'3943': 'Periodic Interval',
'3944': 'Event Interval',
'3974': '3X Sensor Enable',
'3976': 'Anti-Theft',
'3977': 'GNSS Scan Timeout',
'3900': 'Uplink Interval',
'3978': 'BLE Scan Timeout',
'3979': 'UUID Filter',
'3946': 'Motion Enable',
'3947': 'Any Motion Threshold',
'3948': 'Motion Start Interval',
'3949': 'Static Enable',
'3950': 'Device Static Timeout',
'3951': 'Shock Enable',
'3952': 'Shock Threshold',
'4210': 'AccelerometerX',
'4211': 'AccelerometerY',
'4212': 'AccelerometerZ',
'4197': 'Longitude',
'4198': 'Latitude',
'4200': 'Event Status',
'5001': 'Wi-Fi Scan',
'5002': 'BLE Scan',
'3576': 'Positioning Status'
}
return TYPE_MAP[measurementId] || ''
}

function getMotionId (str) {
return getInt(str)
}

function getPositingStatus (str) {
let status = getInt(str)
const STATUS_MAP = {
0: "locate successful.",
1: "The GNSS scan timed out.",
2: "The Wi-Fi scan timed out.",
3: "The Wi-Fi + GNSS scan timed out.",
4: "The GNSS + Wi-Fi scan timed out.",
5: "The Bluetooth scan timed out.",
6: "The Bluetooth + Wi-Fi scan timed out.",
7: "The Bluetooth + GNSS scan timed out.",
8: "The Bluetooth + Wi-Fi + GNSS scan timed out.",
9: "Location Server failed to parse the GNSS location.",
10: "Location Server failed to parse the Wi-Fi location.",
11: "Location Server failed to parse the Bluetooth location.",
12: "Failed to parse location due to the poor accuracy.",
13: "Time synchronization failed.",
14: "Failed due to the old Almanac.",
15: "The GNSS +Bluetooth scan timed out."
}
if (STATUS_MAP[status] !== undefined) {
return {id: status, statusName: STATUS_MAP[status]}
}
return getInt(str)
}

function getUpT2000 (messageValue) {
let interval = 0
let workMode = getInt(messageValue.substring(10, 12))
let heartbeatInterval = getMinsByMin(messageValue.substring(14, 18))
let periodicInterval = getMinsByMin(messageValue.substring(18, 22))
let eventInterval = getMinsByMin(messageValue.substring(22, 26))
switch (workMode) {
case 0:
interval = heartbeatInterval
break
case 1:
interval = periodicInterval
break
case 2:
interval = eventInterval
break
}
let data = [
{
measurementId: '3000', measurementValue: getBattery(messageValue.substring(0, 2))
}, {
measurementId: '3502', measurementValue: getSoftVersion(messageValue.substring(2, 6))
}, {
measurementId: '3001', measurementValue: getHardVersion(messageValue.substring(6, 10))
}, {
measurementId: '3940', measurementValue: workMode
}, {
measurementId: '3965', measurementValue: getPositioningStrategy(messageValue.substring(12, 14))
}, {
measurementId: '3942', measurementValue: heartbeatInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3943', measurementValue: periodicInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3944', measurementValue: eventInterval
}, {
measurementId: '3974', measurementValue: getInt(messageValue.substring(26, 28))
}, {
measurementId: '3976', measurementValue: getInt(messageValue.substring(28, 30))
}, {
measurementId: '3977', measurementValue: getInt(messageValue.substring(30, 32))
}, {
measurementId: '3900', measurementValue: interval
}, {
measurementId: '3978', measurementValue: getInt(messageValue.substring(54, 56))
}, {
measurementId: '3979', measurementValue: messageValue.substring(58, 58 + getInt(messageValue.substring(56, 58)) * 2)
}
]
let motionSetting = getMotionSetting(messageValue.substring(32, 42))
let staticsSetting = getStaticSetting(messageValue.substring(42, 48))
let shockSetting = getShockSetting(messageValue.substring(48, 54))
data = [...data, ...motionSetting, ...staticsSetting, ...shockSetting]
return data
}

function getMotionSetting (str) {
return [
{measurementId: '3946', measurementValue: getInt(str.substring(0, 2))},
{measurementId: '3947', measurementValue: getSensorValue(str.substring(2, 6), 1)},
{measurementId: '3948', measurementValue: getMinsByMin(str.substring(6, 10))},
]
}

function getStaticSetting (str) {
return [
{measurementId: '3949', measurementValue: getInt(str.substring(0, 2))},
{measurementId: '3950', measurementValue: getMinsByMin(str.substring(2, 6))}
]
}

function getShockSetting (str) {
return [
{measurementId: '3951', measurementValue: getInt(str.substring(0, 2))},
{measurementId: '3952', measurementValue: getInt(str.substring(2, 6))}
]
}

function getBattery (batteryStr) {
return loraWANV2DataFormat(batteryStr)
}
function getSoftVersion (softVersion) {
return `${loraWANV2DataFormat(softVersion.substring(0, 2))}.${loraWANV2DataFormat(softVersion.substring(2, 4))}`
}
function getHardVersion (hardVersion) {
return `${loraWANV2DataFormat(hardVersion.substring(0, 2))}.${loraWANV2DataFormat(hardVersion.substring(2, 4))}`
}

function getMinsByMin (str) {
return getInt(str)
}

function getSensorValue (str, dig) {
if (str === '8000') {
return null
} else {
return loraWANV2DataFormat(str, dig)
}
}

function isNull (str) {
if (str.substring(0, 1) !== '8') {
return false
}
for (let i = 1; i < str.length; i++) {
if (str.substring(i, i + 1) !== '0') {
return false
}
}
return true
}

function getSignSensorValue (str, dig = 1) {
if (isNull(str)) {
return null
}
return loraWANV2DataFormat(str, dig)
}

function bytes2HexString (arrBytes) {
var str = ''
for (var i = 0; i < arrBytes.length; i++) {
var tmp
var num = arrBytes[i]
if (num < 0) {
tmp = (255 + num + 1).toString(16)
} else {
tmp = num.toString(16)
}
if (tmp.length === 1) {
tmp = '0' + tmp
}
str += tmp
}
return str
}
function loraWANV2DataFormat (str, divisor = 1) {
let strReverse = bigEndianTransform(str)
let str2 = toBinary(strReverse)
if (str2.substring(0, 1) === '1') {
let arr = str2.split('')
let reverseArr = arr.map((item) => {
if (parseInt(item) === 1) {
return 0
} else {
return 1
}
})
str2 = parseInt(reverseArr.join(''), 2) + 1
return parseFloat('-' + str2 / divisor)
}
return parseInt(str2, 2) / divisor
}

function bigEndianTransform (data) {
let dataArray = []
for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 2) {
dataArray.push(data.substring(i, i + 2))
}
return dataArray
}

function toBinary (arr) {
let binaryData = arr.map((item) => {
let data = parseInt(item, 16)
.toString(2)
let dataLength = data.length
if (data.length !== 8) {
for (let i = 0; i < 8 - dataLength; i++) {
data = `0` + data
}
}
return data
})
return binaryData.toString().replace(/,/g, '')
}

function getMacAndRssiObj (pair) {
let pairs = []
if (pair.length % 14 === 0) {
for (let i = 0; i < pair.length; i += 14) {
let mac = getMacAddress(pair.substring(i, i + 12))
if (mac) {
let rssi = getInt8RSSI(pair.substring(i + 12, i + 14))
pairs.push({mac: mac, rssi: rssi})
} else {
continue
}
}
}
return pairs
}

function getMacAddress (str) {
if (str.toLowerCase() === 'ffffffffffff') {
return null
}
let macArr = []
for (let i = 1; i < str.length; i++) {
if (i % 2 === 1) {
macArr.push(str.substring(i - 1, i + 1))
}
}
let mac = ''
for (let i = 0; i < macArr.length; i++) {
mac = mac + macArr[i]
if (i < macArr.length - 1) {
mac = mac + ':'
}
}
return mac
}

function getInt8RSSI (str) {
return loraWANV2DataFormat(str)
}

function getInt (str) {
return parseInt(str, 16)
}

function getEventStatus (str) {
let bitStr = getByteArray(str)
let bitArr = []
for (let i = 0; i < bitStr.length; i++) {
bitArr[i] = bitStr.substring(i, i + 1)
}
bitArr = bitArr.reverse()
const EVENT_MAP = {
0: {id: 1, eventName: "Start moving event."},
1: {id: 2, eventName: "End movement event."},
2: {id: 3, eventName: "Motionless event."},
3: {id: 4, eventName: "Shock event."},
4: {id: 5, eventName: "Temperature event."},
5: {id: 6, eventName: "Light event."},
6: {id: 7, eventName: "SOS event."},
7: {id: 8, eventName: "Press once event."},
8: {id: 9, eventName: "disassembled event"}
}
let event = []
for (let i = 0; i < bitArr.length; i++) {
if (bitArr[i] === '1' && EVENT_MAP[i]) {
event.push(EVENT_MAP[i])
}
}
return event
}

function getByteArray (str) {
let bytes = []
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i += 2) {
bytes.push(str.substring(i, i + 2))
}
return toBinary(bytes)
}

function getWorkingMode (workingMode) {
return getInt(workingMode)
}

function getPositioningStrategy (strategy) {
return getInt(strategy)
}

function getUTCTimestamp(str){
return parseInt(loraWANV2PositiveDataFormat(str)) * 1000
}

function loraWANV2PositiveDataFormat (str, divisor = 1) {
let strReverse = bigEndianTransform(str)
let str2 = toBinary(strReverse)
return parseInt(str2, 2) / divisor
}

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ステップ 4: データの確認

デバイスがネットワークに接続しようとすると、緑色の呼吸ライトが点滅します。デバイスがネットワークに正常に参加すると、緑色のライトが5回素早く点滅します。

アプリケーション概要ページでデバイスのアクティビティを確認できます。

pir

エンドデバイスをクリックし、Live dataを確認します。 以下のメッセージが表示されたら、デバイスがネットワークに正常に参加したことを意味します。

pir

その後、TTSコンソールでデータを確認できます。

pir

リソース

SenseCAP T2000 Tracker Decoder for TTN

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